Arbitrum-stack layer two
Robinhood Markets, fintech, on Robinhood Chain since July 2026.
Announced 2025-06-30 as a layer two 'based on Arbitrum' and optimised for tokenised real-world assets, settling to Ethereum. CAVEAT: the cited source is the announcement; the mid-2026 go-live and any TVL figures were reported by trade press whose URLs were not retrieved in this pass, so first_observed is the reported launch month and no figure is given. A brokerage operating its own Ethereum layer two is the clearest R5 case in this dataset.
In the record
1
months from first observation to the record's assessment of August 2026
13
fintech rows in the record, this one included
1
row filed to Robinhood Chain by their sources
What it bears on
R3Do we know what this instrument is, legally, in every venue we operate?
needs design
ETH is a digital commodity in the United States and stablecoin law is in force. Market-structure legislation stalled, and jurisdictions are diverging.
R5Which network do we settle on, and how do we get out?
needs design
More than a hundred networks and no neutral selection framework. Our own record shows institutional issuance concentrated on mainnet, with layer twos carrying stablecoin float rather than funds.
R6Who is the counterparty when there is no counterparty?
needs design
An ownerless system meeting procurement built for vendors. Six organisations can take your first call, and our own unincorporated status is part of this problem, not outside it.